Cash and Cash Equivalents and Concentration

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The Company considers highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition as cash equivalents in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The Company has not experienced any losses related to these balances; however, as of December 31, 2019, $35,224 of the cash and cash equivalents balance was in excess of FDIC limits. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had restricted cash balances of $6,000 as collateral for an irrevocable standby letter of credit.

Revenue Recognition

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On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) No. 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, utilizing the modified retrospective method applied to contracts that were not completed. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on the timing and amounts of the Company’s revenue, processes or internal controls. Upon adoption, the Company did not have any material remaining performance obligations, significant judgements, or material costs to obtain or fulfill contracts with its customers.

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The Company enters into contracts to sell and distribute products and services to hospitals and surgical facilities for use in caring for patients with peripheral nerve damage or transection. Revenue is recognized when the Company has met its performance obligations pursuant to its contracts with its customers in an amount that the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the transfer of control of the products and services to the Company’s customers.

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In the case of products or services sold to a customer under a distribution or purchase agreement, the customers are granted exclusive distribution rights to sell the implants internationally in a territory defined by the contract. These international distributor agreements contain provisions that allow the Company to terminate the distribution agreement with the distributor, and upon termination, the right to repurchase inventory from the distributor at the distributor’s cost. The Company has determined that its contractual rights to repurchase distributor inventory upon termination of the distributor agreement are not substantive and do not impact the timing of when control transfers; and, therefore, the Company has determined it is appropriate to recognize revenue when: i) the product is shipped via common carrier; or ii) the product is delivered to the customer or distributor, depending on the terms of the agreement. Determining the timing of revenue recognition for such contracts is subject to significant judgment, because an evaluation must be made regarding the distributor’s ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the implants received from the Company. Changes in these assessments could have a significant impact on the timing of revenue recognition from sales to distributors.

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A portion of the Company's product revenue is generated from consigned inventory maintained at hospitals and independent sales agencies, and also from inventory physically held by field sales representatives. For these types of products sales, the Company retains control until the product has been used or implanted, at which time revenue is recognized.

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The Company elected to account for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment cost rather than a separate performance obligation. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included as part of the transaction price and recognized as revenue when control of the underlying products is transferred to the customer. The related shipping and freight charges incurred by the Company are included in cost of sales.

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The Company operates in a single reportable segment of peripheral nerve repair, offers similar products to its customers, and enters into consistently structured arrangements with similar types of customers. As such, the Company does not disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers as the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows does not materially differ within and among the contracts with customers.

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The contract with the customer states the final terms of the sale, including the description, quantity, and price of each implant distributed. The payment terms and conditions in the Company’s contracts vary; however, as a common business practice, payment terms are typically due in full within 30 to 60 days of delivery. Since the customer agrees to a stated price in the contract that does not vary over the contract term, the contracts do not contain any material types of variable consideration, and contractual rights of return are not material. The Company has several contracts with distributors in international markets which include consideration paid to the customer in exchange for distinct marketing and other services. The Company records such consideration paid to the customer as a reduction to revenue from the contracts with those distributor customers.

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In connection with the Acroval Neurosensory and Motor Testing System, the Company sold extended warranty and service packages to some of its customers who purchase this evaluation and measurement tool, and the prepayment of these extended warranties represent contract liabilities until the performance obligations are satisfied ratably over the term of the contract. The sale of the aforementioned extended warranty represents the only performance obligation the Company satisfies over time and creates the contract liability disclosed below. The opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract receivables and liabilities are as follows:

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Inventories

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Inventories are comprised of unprocessed tissue, work-in-process, Avance Nerve Graft, Axoguard Nerve Connector, Axoguard Nerve Protector, Axoguard Nerve Cap, Avive Soft Tissue Membrane, Acroval Neurosensory and Motor Testing System, Axotouch Two-Point Discriminator and supplies and are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value.

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The Company monitors the shelf life of its products and historical expiration and spoilage trends, and writes-off inventory based on the estimated amount of inventory that will not be distributed before expiration or spoilage. To estimate the amount of inventory that will expire prior to being sold, the Company reviews inventory quantities on hand, historical and projected sales, and historical expiration trends. The Company’s calculation of the amount of inventory that will expire prior to sale has two components: 1) a demand or consumption based component that compares projected sales to inventory quantities on hand; and 2) an expiring inventory component that assesses the risk related to inventory that is near expiration by analyzing historical expiration trends to project inventory that will expire prior to being sold. The Company’s model assumes that inventory will be sold on a first-in-first-out basis. Due to the nature of the inventory (surgical implants with expiration dates) and the fact that a significant portion of the Company’s inventory is at medical facility consignment locations, estimating the amount of inventory that will expire and the amount of inventory that should be written-down involves significant judgments and estimates.

Net Loss Per Share

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Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed in accordance with FASB ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share” (ASC 260), by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Since the Company has experienced net losses for all periods presented, options and awards of 1,556,818, 2,621,440 and 2,253,399 which were outstanding as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per shares because dilutive shares are not factored into the calculation of net loss per share when a loss applicable to common shares as they would be anti-dilutive. See additional outstanding shares as disclosed in Note 11, “Equity Compensation Plans” that could potentially be dilutive.

Stock-Based Compensation

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The Company measures all employee stock-based compensation awards using the fair value, including stock options, restricted stock, performance stock and stock purchases related to an employee stock purchase plan. The share-based compensation recognized under ASC 718 for years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $10,304, $7,606,and $3,609, respectively.

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ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The expense has been reduced for forfeitures as they occur.

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The Company estimates the fair value of time-based options on the date of grant using the Multi-Point Black-Scholes option-pricing model (Black-Scholes model). The Company’s determination of fair value is affected by the Company’s stock price, as well as assumptions regarding several subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards.

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The Company estimates the fair value of restricted stock based upon the grant date closing market price of the Company’s common stock.

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The Company also has an employee stock purchase plan (ESPP) which is available to all eligible employees as defined by the plan document. Under the ESPP, shares of the Company’s common stock may be purchased at a discount. The Company estimates the number of shares to be purchased under the ESPP at the beginning of each purchase period based upon the fair value of the stock at the beginning of the purchase period using the Black-Scholes model and records estimated compensation expense during the period. Expense is adjusted at the time of stock purchase.

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With respect to performance stock units (“PSUs”), the number of shares that vest and are issued to the recipient is based upon the Company’s performance as measured against specified targets over the measurement period. The fair value of the PSUs is based on the Company’s closing stock price on the grant date and its estimate of achieving such performance targets. For further discussion and disclosures, see Note 11 – Equity Compensation Plans.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

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In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02. This update will increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This update is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Targeted Improvements to ASC 842, Leases (“ASU 2018-11”). ASU 2018-11 provided entities with an alternative modified transition method to elect not to recast the comparative periods presented when adopting ASC 842. The impact of the adoption is disclosed in the Leases section of Note 3, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

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In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Guidance on Cloud Computing Arrangements (“ASU 2018-15”). ASU 2018-15 provides guidance on implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement (CCA) that is a service contract and aligns the accounting for such costs with the guidance on capitalizing costs associated with developing or obtaining internal-use software. Specifically, the ASU amends ASC 350 to include in its scope implementation costs of a CCA that is a service contract and clarifies that a customer should apply ASC 350-40 to determine which implementation costs should be capitalized. This update is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2020. We are currently evaluating the impact the standard may have on our consolidated financial statements.

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In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging and Topic 825, Financial Instruments (“ASU 2019-04”). ASU 2019-04 clarifies certain aspects of accounting for credit losses, hedging activities, and financial instruments. This update is effective fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact the guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

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In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-05, Targeted Transition Relief (“ASU 2019-05”). ASU 2019-05 provides transition relief for entities adopting ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The amendment allows entities to irrevocably elect, upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, the fair value option on financial instruments that (1) were previously recorded at amortized costs and (2) are within the scope of ASC 326-20, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measured at Amortized Costs, if the instruments are eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825-10, Financial Instruments: Overall. This update is effective fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact the guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

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In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-11, Credit Losses (Topic 326), Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. This amendment amends certain aspects of the new credit loss standard, ASU 2016-13 (ASC 326). As the Company has not adopted ASU 2016-13, the effective date of this amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2020. The Company is currently assessing the impact the guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

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In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) (“ASU 2019-12”), Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This amendment simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles and improve consistent application or and simplify accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This update is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted but requires simultaneous adoption of all provisions of ASU 2019-12. The Company does not expect this standard will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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The Company’s management has reviewed and considered all other recent accounting pronouncements and believe there are none that could potentially have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or disclosures.